Victorian architecture is a series of architectural revival styles in the mid-to-late 19th century. Victorian refers to the reign of Queen Victoria, who lived from 1837 to 1901, this period was called the Victorian era, during which period the styles known as Victorian were used in construction. However, many elements of what is typically termed "Victorian" architecture did not become popular until later in Victoria's reign, roughly from 1850 and later. The styles often included interpretations and eclectic revivals of historic styles. The name represents the British and French custom of naming architectural styles for a reigning monarch. Within this naming and classification scheme, it followed Georgian architecture and later Regency architecture and was succeeded by Edwardian architecture.
Although Queen Victoria did not reign over the United States, the term is often used for American styles and buildings from the same period, as well as those from the British Empire. San Francisco still has many Victorian buildings with the tell-tale irregular shapes, turrets and Victorian roof tiles.
During the early 19th century, the romantic medieval Gothic Revival style was developed as a reaction to the symmetry of Palladianism, and such buildings as Fonthill Abbey were built.
By the middle of the 19th century, as a result of new technology, construction was able to incorporate metal materials as building components. Structures were erected with cast iron and wrought iron frames. However, due to being weak in tension, these materials were effectively phased out in place for more structurally sound steel. One of the greatest exponents of iron frame construction was Joseph Paxton, architect of the Crystal Palace. Paxton also continued to build such houses as Mentmore Towers, in the still popular English Renaissance styles. New methods of construction were developed in this era of prosperity, but ironically the architectural styles, as developed by such architects as Augustus Pugin, were typically retrospective. Although buildings such as the Crystal Palace were constructed, the typical Victorian town houses clad with Victorian roof tiles were still the norm for middle and upper class families throughout the English speaking world.
The Victorians use of distinct building elements such as steeply sloping roofs, multiple chimneys and irregular shaped building, all topped of with Victorian roof tiles continued for many years, and is still replicated to this day.
Victorian roof tiles are a great way to inject a rich piece of English history into any building project.
Southwold is a quaint little seaside town and civil parish on the English North Sea coast in the East Suffolk district of Suffolk. It lies at the mouth of the River Blyth within the Suffolk Coast and Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Southwold is about 11 miles south of Lowestoft, 29 miles north-east of Ipswich and 97 miles north-east of London, within the parliamentary constituency of Suffolk Coastal. The 2012 Housing Report by the Southwold and Reydon Society concluded that nearly half of the dwellings are used as second homes or let to holiday-makers.
Southwold was mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 as a fishing port, and after the River Blyth withdrew from Dunwich in 1328, bringing trade to Southwold in the 15th century, the Suffolk town received its charter from Henry VII in 1489. The grant of the charter is marked by the annual Trinity Fair, when it is read out by the Town Clerk. Over following centuries, however, a shingle bar built up across the harbour mouth, preventing the town from becoming a major Early Modern port.
Southwold was the home of a number of Puritan emigrants to the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the 1630s, notably a party of eighteen assembled under Rev. Young, which travelled in the Mary Ann in 1637. Richard Ibrook, born in Southwold and a former bailiff of the Suffolk town, immigrated to Hingham, Massachusetts, along with Rev. Peter Hobart, son of Edmund Hobart of Hingham, Norfolk. Rev. Hobart had been an assistant vicar of St Edmund's Church, Southwold, after graduating from Magdalene College, Cambridge.
A fire in 1659 devastated most of this lovely Suffolk town, creating spaces that were never built on again. Today the resultant series of village greens and the restriction of expansion by the surrounding marshes have preserved the town's tidy appearance.
On the green just above the beach, in a place known as Gun Hill, six 18-pounder cannon commemorate the Battle of Sole Bay, fought in 1672 between English and French fleets on one side and the Dutch on the other. The battle was brutal but indecisive and many bodies were washed ashore. Southwold Museum has a collection of mementos of the event. These cannon were captured from the Scots at Culloden and given to the town by the Duke of Cumberland, who had landed at Southwold in October 1745 having been recalled from Europe to deal with the Jacobite threat. In World War II they were prudently removed, reputedly buried for safety, and returned to their former position after hostilities ceased.
On 15 May 1943, low-flying German fighter-bombers attacked the Suffolk town and killed eleven people.
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